I love Goose Island. Go to their brewery on Clybourn and you should be able to find at least a couple beers to suit your tastes.
I started writing a long post at first trying to figure out what it is you're noticing in American microbrews that you can't articulate, especially since I'd describe many of the Belgians you like in the same terms you used -- sugary, funky (though not skunky--skunky is a very particular flavor in beer, and I've never noticed it in any American microbrews--it's a taste I associate with Corona, and often Heineken and even bottled Pilsner Urquell.)
What I believe you are reacting to is the taste of more highly hopped, higher-alcohol (6%+) beers with a lot of body and a decent amount of yeasty funk to them. Now, I think Belgians have quite a lot of yeasty funk (I'd say it's one of their defining characteristics), so I don't know how exactly to fit that into the equation. However, by looking at the other beers you like, you seem to like beers with a subtle hop profile, you prefer European hops, you like 5% ABV or less, with a dry malt profile and light-to-medium body, and you prefer lagers to ales. (Once again, the Belgian beers are pretty much the opposite of this, except for the hops analysis.) The most popular American microbrews tend to be ales (and have a yeastier taste to them, because of the higher fermentation temps), with higher alcohol, hoppier with a more citrus and pine hop profile than English or German beers (which have a more floral or spicy profile), sweeter (to balance the bitterness of the hops) and have more body to them.
So, I would recommend the aforementioned Victory Pils, as well as Anchor Steam (one of America's two indigenous beer styles, the other being Kentucky Common Beer.) I would also give some of the American wheats a chance, too. Though they're ales, they tend to be cleaner and crisper than their European progenitors. I'm not a fan of American wheats for this reason, but Goose Island's 312 is probably the most straightforward of the bunch. Bell's Oberon and Three Floyd's Gumballhead are a little bit sweeter and more fruity, but you may like them. Sierra Nevada's Summerfest is a great straight-ahead lager, too, when the season comes around. Hell, I'd say Samuel Adams Boston Lager is actually one of the best American lagers out there, too.
edit: Looking at the current menu at Goose Island, if you feel the inclination to visit, I think you might like the following: Golden Goose Pilsner, Altbier, and Blonde Ale. From the Belgian-style brews on tap, there's the Matilda and Pere Jacques. For something a little different with a juniper-berry twist to it, the Sahti is worth at least a sip.